DotA Mafia

[Frozen Angel]

Dota Mafia is stabilized for round 1 ! I won't update this before end of this round.

1 more signup and we go for this round!

here is a spotify music for motivation

[Frozen Angel]

Well with everything settled I will start announcing the 5 part update before starting the second round

STAY TUNED

DotA mafia round two will be glorious as fuck!

[Frozen Angel]

UPDATE 1.0 : 1 SEP 2016

The game main setups are now 8 town - 2 mafia (for 10 player game) , 16 town - 4 mafia (for 20 player game) or 14 town - 3 mafia group ِA - 3 mafia group B (for 20 player game)

Single Draft is now changed in a way that each player will receive three heroes with different primary attributes.

During a lylo (A day phase which town will loose immediately in if they lynch wrong) , no ability can change the wagons lynch thresholds and no one can cast a day-killing ability .

In all of the picking modes beside the single draft and all random , players may request for a random pick. If they do so they will start the game with an extra level.

Players may now repick their hero during day 1 if and only if they didn't level up their heroes yet. This mechanic works differently for different game modes :

- All Pick : The next available hero on your list will be picked. If multiple players repick , a random order (new random order different from the first randomized order) for this will be generated. If there is no other hero left on your list a random hero will be assigned. All the previously picked heroes will be announced in game as banned.

- All Random : Another random hero will be picked. All the previously picked heroes will be announced in game as banned.

- Single Draft : You may choose a new hero from your other two choices.

- Random Draft : Same as All pick.

- Captains Mode : Repicking is not an option in Captains Mode.

As a penalty for repicking the repicked hero will start the game with -1 level. (minimum is 0)

Mafia members will be informed of their members pick after the picking phase end.

Mafia members may now Swap their picked heroes during day 1. For that one must message the mod , mod will message the other mafia and will wait for their confirmation. if the other mafia confirm this action , their heroes will be swapped with no penalty (All the picked levels if any will transfer as well) . If the other mafia reject , the mod will notify the requester. One can only request for a swap only once during the game. After a swap the two involved players cant repick or swap their heroes again for the rest of the game.

Mafia may talk with each other during the picking phase and all the night phases.

From now on Mafia may cast their Factional kills with their other abilities.

[Frozen Angel]

two heroes are coming here tomorrow!

who can guess the next intelligence and Agility heroes of dota mafia?

[thenewearth]

Nyx assassin and Vengeful spirit

[Frozen Angel]

Crystal Nova : Neighboring
Frostbite : Action blocker
Arcane Area [Bounded] : Action Modifier
Freezing Field [Channeling] : other

Notes

Arcane Area will start effecting starting of the next cycle (for example if you learn it after lynching X during day 2 it will start effecting starting day 3 and if you spark it at game start it starts working starting day 1)

During the Freezing Field effect there won't be any vote counts but at the end of the 48 hours Crystal Maiden may choose the day lynched person. This person will be treated like a normal lynched player. The game will enter a twilight phase after the freezing field regardless.

If she dies the effect of Freezing Field will end. she can't cast any other ability during Freezing Field.

Notifications and Feedbacks

After casting Crystal Nova on someone they will receive a feedback : "You felt cold; Someone was whispering [your message]"

If Arcane Area is activated all your teammates will receive a feedback each day : "You may perform an extra action during this cycle."

After casting Freezing Field this public notification will be posted :

Freezing Field

The game is under heavy snow! You may continue posting by sending them as a private message to "Crystal Maiden" account . Mod will mirror them in the main game thread after filtering the player names inside it. "Crystal Maiden" will receive the full messages version obviously.

This effect will end in [48 hours/dead end deadline] and game will advance to the twilight phase.

[Firebringer]

I reserve Crystal Maiden for all future games I play.

[Frozen Angel]

Shackleshot : vote block
Powershot [Channeling] : vote modifier
Windrun : Vote modifier , Other
Focus fire [Bounded] : Vote modifier

Notes

if she cast her powershot at night 2 and let it be released on day 4 it will deal 2 invisible votes on the target.

If she casts any other abilities during day her powershot will be released. she can cancel her powershots to cast abilities over night.

If she start focus fire her current vote will get an extra each 48 hours after casting Focus Fire.

Notifications and Feedbacks

During the time powershot is aimed she will be notified about the current state and the amount of votes it will deal.

[Frozen Angel]

Meat hook : commuting his target -> in front of pudge in pudge's slot
Rot [Bounded] : Vote modifier
Flesh Heap : Vote Modifier
Dismember : neighbouring , Killing

Notes

Pudge will hook the first person in the slot. That's mostly the main person there but some spells like phoenix "Icarus Dive" might change that. It will be sorted by DNAR (new people will go in front of everyone else in slot if they suppose to)

Rot effect if happen during day phases , will act immediate. in night it will be resolved according to DNAR.

Pudge execution will be treated like a normal killing ability and may be stoped.

Notifications and Feedbacks

"You have a private topic with [player] that you can use it through this [link] during days or nights from this point forward."

"You lost access to one of the neighborhoods you had access to."

"You need one more votes to get lynched."

"You lost access to one of your private topics."

[Frozen Angel]

Enfeeble : Vote blocker
Brain Sap : Vote Modifier
Nightmare : Neighborizer , Disabler
Feind's Gip [channeling] : Disabler

Notes

all the players effected by "nightmare" has access to a private topic named "Nightmare".

This will be the first post of the nightmare pt :

Nightmare

Screams ... Screams ... Screams ....

you can hear the laughter of the evil ; you can see the doorway of hell ...

"Sweat Dreams!"

Nightmare is not bounding means it will continue even if the bane dies.

his ultimate completly vanilize the other target , and will even remove their vote.

His ultimate is channeling means if he dies the effect of ultimate will be canceled immediately. (his nightmare is not ) Bane cant cast any other abilities while using this ability (he can cancel this ability to use other abilities though)

Notifications and Feedbacks

"You have access to "Nightmare" private topic that you can use it through this [link]."

"You lost access to one of the neighborhoods you had access to."

"Something is stopping you from performing any actions."

[Frozen Angel]

Shockwave : Vote modifier , Investigative
Empower : Vote modifier
Skewer : Redirecting
Reverse Polarity : commuting (his visitors) -> behind him in his slot , Protective , Action Block

Notes

his shockwave will vote whoever is commuted in the targeted slot and the owner of the slot itself.

Empower will last for one day. all the vote doublers can double this gifted vote too.

Magnus ultimate roleblock will poses all kind of other abilities (even Agility passive) that might stop a role block.

Notifications and Feedbacks

"You have an extra vote sticked to your main vote today."

[Frozen Angel]

Smoke Screen : Commuting target -> no slot , Action block
Blink strike : Vote Modifier
Cloak : Target Block
Dagger : Vote Modifier
Tricks and Trade : Other

Notes

Dagger applies when the person your voting and the dagger effect is enabled on them is voting anyone but you.

Notifications and Feedbacks

"Your Cloak passive is activated."
"Your Cloak passive is deactivated."
"Because of your Dagger passive , your first vote on [player name] will be twice harmful."

[Frozen Angel]

Crypt Swarm [Bounding] : Neighboring
Silence : Disabling
Spirit Siphon [Bounding] : Neighboring
Exorcism [Bounding] : Vote modifier

Notes

By absorbing souls she is making an army of dead - making herself stronger - and she can continue to chat with the players who are gone.
The dead may end this effect and release their sole.

if she has players A and players B's sole and she cast exorcism after voting player C (this action is not targetting player C) the VC will be like:
C (3) : Death prophet , A , B
If thats the lynch state C will be putten in L1 instead.

Obviously dead players won't join any dead threads until they release their souls.Absorbing soul will happen at the end of twilight and a resurrection effect will stop it from taking place. The next dead player will be effected.

Each absorbed soul topic is unique and completely separate form the rest.

The dead souls will be released and Exorcism effect will stop if Death Prophet dies.

Notifications and Feedbacks

"You dead but your soul is absorbed by [player name]. You have a private topic with them in [link] which you can use anytime you want. You may release your soul anytime you wish."

"You lost access to one of your private topics."

"Something is stopping you from performing any actions."

Exorcism

You heard the voice of death once again . "A blow to the very foundations of life!"

[Frozen Angel]

Breath Fire : Action Block
Dragon Tail : Action Blocker , Disabler
Dragon Blood : Other , Protective
Elder Dragon Form : Vote blocker / Vote modifier / action blocker

Notes

Dragon Blood wont prevent lynches.

Dragon Knight must choose the elder dragon form he wants to transform to when he is casting it.

Th dragon blood will trigger before any other protective passives/abilities.

Notifications and Feedbacks

If the dragon tail act successful the blocked person will receive : "Something is stopping you from performing any actions."

"You are now transformed to [color] Elder Dragon Form, [The effect]."

"Something is stopping you from performing any actions."

[Frozen Angel]

UPDATE 1.1 : 2 SEP 2016

Dazzle is here !

Drow Ranger is here!

Anti-mage
- Mana Break is now disabled during lylo.

Axe
- Battle Hunger will now automatically stop after 1 cycle.

Bane [Overridden]
- His Brain Sap effect is now clarified.
- His Nightmare ability is changed in a way that is now a 2 cycle weak blocking neighboring ability.

Bounty Hunter
- His Jinada is now disabled during lylo.

Crystal maiden [Overridden]
- Her ultimate Freezing field will now let her kill a player after the 48 hours.
- During this new version of Freezing Field there won't be any vote counts.
- After the 48 hours the game will advance to a twilight phase.

Death Prophet [Overridden]
- Crypt Swarm effect increased and will now absorb the soul if the target dies during next day phase as well.
- Its now clarified that the neighborhood of each dead player is separate from the others.

Dragon Knight [Overridden]
- His Breath Fire is now a passive effect remover.
- His Dragon Tail is a conditional Blocker.
- His Dragon Blood will now save a town Dragon knight from the first killing attempt on his life.
- Elder Dragon Forms are now disabled during lylo's.

Legion Commander
- Press the attack is disabled during lylo
- Moment of courage limit on other team is no omitted.

Lina
- Dragon Slave effect is now disabled during lylo's.
- Its clarified that her ultimate Laguna Blade can't bypass any commuting or hidding.

Magnus [Overridden]
- Empower changed in a way that will only effect the people who were hidden or commuted last night.

Nature's prophet
- Sprout , Teleportation and Nature's call cooldowns decreased to one less. They now has 1 , 2 , 2 cycles cooldown.

Pudge [Overridden]
- His ultimate dismember is now revised in a way that he can only execute the dismembered player during next 2 nights.
The effect of Dismember will end after 2 nights.

Riki [Overridden]
- Riki Blink Strike is now changed in a way to just activate Dagger passive.
- Riki Cloack will just make him untargetable.
- Riki Dagger will double his votes on people who he marked with dagger passive and are voting someone else beside riki.

Windranger [Overridden]
- Her powershot ability is now revised completely.
Power shot can be aimed during a night phase. starting at 1 vote it will increase the dame after each 2 cycles pass. wind can unleash the aimed shot at any days beside lylo to deal all the damage at once. during the time her bow is aimed she can't cast any other abilities.

Wraith King
- Mortal Strike restriction on opposing team is now omitted.

[Frozen Angel]

Poison Touch : Vote Blocker
Shallow Grave : Protective
Shadow Wave : Protective
Weave : Vote Modifier

Notes

Poison Touch will disable any extra vote someone may perform by normal votting, things like nature's prophet's treant votes or Lina invisible vote or earth shaker ultimate can't be undone with this ability.

Shallow Grave will only stop the last lynch of the day in case of multi lynch.

Shadow wave will bounce from a target to a random player who the target visited and so on healing them as well. This ability can only heal each player once and won't bounce to an already passed player in a trace.

Notifications and Feedbacks

Shallow Grave

This lynch is canceled. ehem ... , just like that.

[Frozen Angel]

Frost Arrow [Unique attack Modifier] : Action Block
Gust : Action Blocker , Disabler
Precision Aura : Vote Modifier
Marksmanship : Vote Modifier

Notes

if player A and B are Drow Ranger allies this will be a wagon like with precision Aura:
C (4): A , B , Drow Ranger
and if drow has Marksmanship it will be like :
C (6): A , B , Drow Ranger
All the extra votes will be treated as their Drow ranger votes.

Notifications and Feedbacks

Players will receive "Something is stopping you from performing any actions." upon trying to cast abilities if their blocked with Frost Arrows.
They will receive that in day start if its an effect of Gush.

[Frozen Angel]

This update is to be continued!

stay tuned for tomorrow's two incoming heroe :

Agility

AND another new Mechanic

[Radical Rat]

Can the Mafia Hero Swap be performed at any point during D1?
For example, if one Mafia member is about to be lynched could they swap just before the hammer to keep their role in the game?
Usefulness being if a Hero with strong late-game utility is heading for the gallows, they could swap out with a Hero better suited to the early-game, that may have even already used an ability.

[Frozen Angel]

Can the Mafia Hero Swap be performed at any point during D1?
For example, if one Mafia member is about to be lynched could they swap just before the hammer to keep their role in the game?
Usefulness being if a Hero with strong late-game utility is heading for the gallows, they could swap out with a Hero better suited to the early-game, that may have even already used an ability.

yes, if the other player confirm the swap before lynch occures their heroes will be swapped.

and I had the use your talking about in mind when I added this mechanic

[Frozen Angel]

UPDATE 1.2 : 3 SEP 2016

Mirana is here !

Vengeful Spirit is here !

[Frozen Angel]

Starstorm : Vote Modifier
Sacred Arrow : Disabler
Leap : Vote Blocker
Shadow Moonlight : Target Blocker

Notes

Starstrom is blocked on lylo.

Sacred Arrow example. Mirana casts it in night 1 , target won't cast any actions night 1 but will cast an action night 2. The arrow was following the target for 2 nights so the target will be blocked in two next phases means day 3 and night 3.

Leap will dodge any kind of incoming next vote.

Moonlight shadow will take effect on the next phase its casted on not the same phase

Notifications and Feedbacks

"Something is stopping you from performing any actions."

[Frozen Angel]

Magic Missile : Action Block
Wave of Terror : Neighboring
Vengeance Aura : Vote Blocker
Nether Swap : commute veng to target's slot + commute target to veng's slot (:: Buss drive)

Notes

Wave of terror is a semi fruit vendor action which will mark the players for Vengeance Aura ability.

Nether Swap is a simple self-buss driver which is ahead of other similar abilities in DNAR

Notifications and Feedbacks

"You can feel fear in your bones. A wave of Terror is upon you."

[Frozen Angel]

Tomorrow's hero will be

Intelligence

I'm doubting if its best for adding the mechanic I told you guys yesterday in this round or in the next one...

I kindda like to test the new stuff before rushing into such complicated mechanics first.

[Frozen Angel]

Legend

Not a hero ability

-

Commuting

-

Redirecting

-

Blocking

-

Killing

-

Investigating

-

Protecting

-

Vote Modifier

-

Action Modifier

-

Disabling

-

Neighbouring

-

Janitting

-

Reviving

-

Other

1- This action will send a notify to its target in real time.
2- Bounding : Effects of this ability ends when the caster dies.
3- Channeling : Bounding + If the caster casts another ability this ability effects will be canceled.

/* Dota Mafia Night Action Resolution system is a unique and complete table and guide to help moderations and to avoid any kind of grey areas and to resolve all kinds of unperdicted conflicts.

Each line will be resolved Simultaneous. Upper lines resolve first. In a conflict situation the actions get resolved from left to right. When we reach an ability in the list and its not yet blocked It will be counted as successful. if any ability fails in any steps it will be counted as a failure.

All the actions in Dota mafia are either target-able or not target-able. The not target-able actions resolve in one part : taking action when its their time to get resolved. Target-able actions will resolve in three steps : Targeting , visiting and taking action

Targeting means giving the moderator the name of the person you want to cast that ability on. There are "Target blockers" and "Target modifiers" abilities which can mess with this step. */

Targeting Blockers :

Glyph of Fortification

,

Moonlight Shadow-Last Day Cast

[Mirana] ,

Song of the Siren-Previous Effect

[Naga Siren] ,

Unstable Concoction-Previous Effect

[Alchemist] ,

Battle Hunger-Previous Effect

[Axe] ,

C

h

r

o

n

o

s

p

h

e

r

e

-

J

a

i

l

[Faceless Void] ,

Cloak

[Riki] ,

D

e

a

f

e

n

i

n

g

B

l

a

s

t

[Invoker] ,

Ice Wall

[Invoker] ,

Time Walk

[Faceless Void]

Targeting Modifiers :

R

e

l

o

c

a

t

e

-

N

o

t

T

o

w

n

[IO] ,

T

e

t

h

e

r

-

D

u

p

l

i

c

a

t

e

[IO] ,

Conjure Image

[Terrorblade]

/* After resolving all target related modifier/blockers ; the list of targets will be finalized. This list indicates who wants to do what not that if their doing it successfully or not. The next phase will start , some previously used abilities apply some modification in night atmosphere or on the next used abilities. "Start Night Effects" resolve this kind of powers which all bypass redirections and blocks and commutes. */

Start Night Effects :

Ghost Walk

[Invoker] ,

Shadow Walk

[Bounty Hunter] ,

Arctic Burn

[Winter Wyvern] ,

T

r

a

c

k

-

C

a

s

t

[Bounty Hunter] ,

Q

u

a

s

[Invoker] ,

W

e

x

[Invoker] ,

E

x

o

r

t

[Invoker] ,

Spirits-Spirit In/Out

[IO] ,

Overcharge

¹ [IO]

Bulletproof / Armour :

Refraction-Absorb

[Templar Assassin] ,

Null Field

[Rubick]

/* The next step is commuting. Commuting in Dota mafia is a little bit more complicated than its original meaning. In Dota mafia the meaning of players and slots are different. Players target slots, and they may change their slot with commuting abilities. This abilities will put people in an order in each slots. Normally only the person who is in front of the list will be hit by the abilities and the rest will be considered commuted. Hiders for example are a kind of commuter in Dota mafia who will put themselves behind someone else in their slot. For understing this mechanics please read the example here(will post and example there later ) . */

Commuting :

S

m

o

k

e

S

c

r

e

e

n

[Riki] ,

Nether Swap

[Vengeful Spirit] ,

Teleportation

[Nature's Prophet] ,

Relocate-Town

[IO] ,

I

c

a

r

u

s

D

i

v

e

[Phoenix] ,

R

e

v

e

r

s

e

P

o

l

a

r

i

t

y

[Magnus] ,

Meat Hook

[Pudge]

/*After resolving commuting abilities the list of players on the slots will be finalized. from this point forward its obvious who is targetting which player. Now its time to apply blocking and redirecting mess to the night */

Blocking :

Spirits

[IO] ,

Time Lock

[Faceless Void] ,

Frostbite

[Crystal Maiden] ,

C

o

l

d

E

m

b

r

a

c

e

[Winter Wyvern] ,

Magic Missile

[Vengeful Spirit] ,

Dragon Tail

[Dragon Knight] ,

Shackleshot

[Windranger] ,

Shuriken Toss

[Bounty Hunter] ,

Cold Snap

[Invoker] ,

Gust

[Drow Ranger] ,

Fissure

[Earthshaker] ,

Tornado

[Invoker] ,

B

l

a

d

e

F

u

r

y

² [Juggernaut]

Redirecting :

Phantom Strike

[Phantom Assassin] ,

Skewer

[Magnus],

I

l

l

u

s

o

r

y

O

r

b

[Puck]

/* Now The Visit phase will be completed. (it was already completed for targetting abilities which we already resolved till this point) At this point whatever targeting ability which is not failed in visiting phase will be counted successful in that step. All the watcher / semi watcher / tracker etc ... which will detect visits will detect all the abilities with successful visit. Even though there is a way to stop the effects of abilities without blocking the visits. At this point Effect blockers and protective abilities will be resolved which are this kind of roles. */

Effect Block :

Spell Shield

[Anti mage] ,

Telekinesis

[Rubick] ,

Arc Lightening

[Zeus] ,

Ensnare

[Naga Siren] ,

Lightening Bolt

[Zeus] ,

Gush

[Tide Hunter] ,

BurrowStrike

[Sand King] ,

Blur

[Phantom Assassin],

Waning Rift

[Puck],

Unstable Concoction- Throw

[Alchemist]

Healing :

Shadow Wave

[Dazzle] ,

Nature Attends

² [Enchantress]

/* Now we will resolve the kills ; Finally! But be aware that the killed players will not die yet , imagine they turned into zombies for a while till I say otherwise (just like NAR system)*/

Killing :

Factional Kill

,

Chronosphere-Execution

[Faceless Void] ,

Dismember-Execution

[Pudge] ,

Sun Strike

[Invoker] ,

Laguna Blade

[Lina] ,

Mystic Flare

[Skywrath Mage] ,

Wraith Of Nature

[Nature's Prophet]

/*At this point the rest of the abilities will be resolved which mostly won't have any effects on the night itself. Neighboring , Disabling , Vote modifiers , Investigating and so on will all be resolved in this step */

Neighboring :

N

i

g

h

t

m

a

r

e

[Bane] ,

Crystal Nova

[Crystal Maiden] ,

S

p

l

i

n

t

e

r

B

l

a

s

t

[Winter Wyvern] ,

E

n

c

h

a

n

t

[Enchantress] ,

Wave of Terror

[Vengeful Spirit]

Next day effects :

Acid Spray

[Alchemist],

F

i

e

n

d

'

s

G

r

i

p

³ [Bane] ,

Silence

[Death Prophet] ,

Light Strike Array

[Lina] ,

C

h

r

o

n

o

s

p

h

e

r

e

-

C

a

s

t

[Faceless Void] ,

Sprout

[Nature's Prophet] ,

E

c

h

o

S

l

a

m

[Earthshaker] ,

O

v

e

r

w

h

e

l

m

i

n

g

O

d

d

s

[Legion Commander] ,

C

h

a

o

s

M

e

t

e

r

[Invoker] ,

Rot

[Pudge] ,

Reflection

[Terrorblade] ,

Starstorm

[Mirana] ,

S

h

o

c

k

w

a

v

e

[Magnus] ,

Winter's Curse

[Winter Wyvern] ,

Weave

[Dazzle] ,

F

a

d

e

B

o

l

t

[Rubick] ,

Psionic Trap-Explode

[Templar Assassin] ,

Wraithfire Blast

[Wraith King] ,

Battle Hunger-Cast

[Axe] ,

Unstable Concoction

[Alchemist]

Mana Void

[Anti Mage] ,

M

o

o

n

l

i

g

h

t

S

h

a

d

o

w

-

C

a

s

t

[Mirana] ,

Song of the Siren-Cast

³ [Naga Siren] ,

Invoke

[Invoker] ,

Alacrity

[Invoker] ,

E

l

d

e

r

D

r

a

g

o

n

F

o

r

m

[Dragon Knight] ,

Fire Spirits

[Phoenix] ,

Forge Spirit

[Invoker] ,

Impetus-Cast

[Enchantress] ,

Powershot

[Windranger] ,

Sacred Arrow-Cast

[Mirana] ,

P

s

i

o

n

i

c

T

r

a

p

-

C

a

s

t

[Templar Assassin] ,

Crypt Swarm

² [Death Prophet] ,

EMP

[Invoker] ,

Time Dilation

[Faceless Void] ,

Spell Steal

[Rubic]

Investigating :

Track-Inspect

[Bounty Hunter] ,

Lucent beam

[Luna] ,

Eclipse

[Luna]

/* Now its the time for everyone to die Just kill whoever must die and we can step forward to end of the night effects (revives and passives mostly) which are mostly not casted abilities - just some effects that are now triggered. */

Revives :

Reincarnation

[Writhe King] ,

Super Nova

³ [Phoenix]

Start Day Effects :

Impetus-Hit

[Enchantress] ,

Sacred Arrow-Hit

[Mirana] ,

Cuastic Finale

[Sand King] ,

Counter Helix

[Axe] ,

Aftershock

[Earthshaker] ,

Flesh Heap

[Pudge] ,

Lunar Blessing

[Luna] ,

Fiery Soul

[Lina] ,

Jinada

[Bounty Hunter] ,

Arcane Bolt

[Skywrath Mage],

Track-Cooldown Reset

[Bounty Hunter] ,

Arcane Area

² [Crystal Maiden] ,

Untouchable

[Enchantress] ,

Vengeance Aura

[Vengeful Spirit] ,

Static Field

[Zeus]

---

Day casts will be resolved according to their time stamps regardless of their effect and type.

The following abilities will be resolved according to their Time stamps during twilight :

Ancient Seal

[Skywrath Mage]

For Twilight's Use this order to resolve the actions :

Shallow Grave

[Dazzle] ,

Freezing Field-Lynch failure Vote

[Crystal Maiden] ,

Super Nova

³ [Phoenix] ,

Spirit Siphon

² [Death Prophet]

If there is a any questions about how this thing works or you found any error or you have any concerns about this resolution system , I am here.

With love and best Wishes

The Frozen Angel